Structure of the Universe

To arrive at a result such as the rest mass of the neutrino, an overview of the fundamental structure underlying the visible makeup of the universe is required. Central to this is answering the question of whether:

a) space in the universe is expanding, or
b) the size of all objects in the universe is decreasing.

Reference is made here to Arthur Eddington (1932), cited (p. 333) in Edward R. Harrison’s Kosmologie (published by Darmstädter Blätter, 3rd edition, 1990; entry: "shrinking atom").

Arthur Eddington’s statement regarding a "shrinking-atom" universe is of fundamental importance for understanding the structure of the universe. It is necessary—taking Planck units as a starting point—to proceed from the premise that sizes within the universe are decreasing. This is particularly important when analyzing relationships while taking the reference value into account.